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In Rem Action
An ACPA lawsuit filed against the domain itself when the owner is unknown or outside US jurisdiction.
An in rem action is a legal proceeding filed against the domain name itself (the "thing") rather than against a specific person, used when the domain owner cannot be identified or is outside US jurisdiction. Under the ACPA, trademark holders can file in rem actions in the judicial district where the domain registrar or registry is located (often Virginia for .com, due to Verisign's headquarters). In rem actions can result in domain forfeiture or transfer.